Discuss the Character and Functions of Sandra Essay Example for Free

Talk about the Character and Functions of Sandra Essay Lovely Thing is set in London this is utilized to represent what Sandras character resembles. Sandra Gangle is an extreme working class lady, who lives in a clean gathering level in South London. Sandra is house pleased she enjoys everything in it to be decent looking. A case of this is the hanging containers holding tight the divider outside her home. Sandra likewise takes care of her self we can tell this by the Body Shop items on the floor. Sandra has numerous jobs in this play, which incorporate being mother, neighbor, barmaid, single parent, workingwoman and a sweetheart. Sandra is a survivor as in she is raising a child completely all alone and she needs to pay for everything her self. At the point when I had three pee in my handbag I went ransacking for that kid This Indicates Sandras unwaveringness towards to her child, and the amount she thinks about him and attempts to accommodate him. An elective case of how denied Sandra was that I couldnt manage the cost of a bed This demonstrates anyway much Sandra attempted and ransacked she still couldnt bear the cost of the rudiments. Sandra is likewise extremely harsh, utilizing foul language to affront individuals. A genuine case of Sandras damaging language is the primary expression of the play, which is SLAG. This shows a significant piece of Sandras character and is utilized to lay everything out for the remainder of the story. In spite of the fact that Sandra utilizes foul language she forestalls Jamie utilizing it by saying Language, Jamie! at the point when he reveals to Leah I dont need fuckin elp. This is on the grounds that it is impolite to use to awful language and she needs to bring him up as well as could be expected. Foul language is principally used to add pressure to the story. Sandra character is cruel in the manner that she converses with individuals. This can be exhibited by the manner in which she converses with Leah on a few events Face realities Leah, no bugger needs you and shut up By saying this Sandra is being unseemly and uncaring towards Leahs emotions. Sandra is generally negligent towards Leah. Sandra is likewise brutal in the manner she portrays Steves father We all realize his father cowhides him, Im just having a chuckle. This is utilized to show how inhumane and obtuse Sandra truly is. Steves father was extremely forceful towards him on various events. He punches him for know reason and even tossed him out once for consuming the toast. Once when Steve was tossed out he went round to see Sandra to disclose what had befallen him. The sort of caring individual that Sandra is she took him in. In the wake of tuning in to Steve she revealed to him he could remain the night. At that point said this to Steves father Your little Stevens round at our place today around evening time. Ive each brain to report you. This shows the touchy and caring side that Sandra has. Among all Sandras obligations she attempts her best to screen Jamies progress at school. Sandra ensures this by the expression I will check your schoolwork when I get in. This is to guarantee he is progressing nicely. Sandra is likewise truly temperamental like when she should check Jamies schoolwork she doesnt despite the fact that she guarantees also do as such. Telling Jamie Ooh, Sod that, Im knackered gives a blended impression that she is attempting her best to give cash however is shy of time because of working, and this is the reason she is worn out. Another stunning point is that Sandra is staggeringly judgemental. Reaching pessimistic resolutions without pondering the outcomes and influences that it has on others. Sandra demonstrates her character is judgemental by disclosing to Leah A Leopard never changes its spots and a slapper never changes her pants. An elective case of Sandra being critical is the point at which she reveals to Jamie I need you inside. Shes a terrible impact. Both these statements demonstrate how Sandra rushes to size up somebody. Moreover Sandra is likewise very egotistic and is quick to educate others concerning her accomplishments. Gloating to a gathering of companions revealing to them I won that draping bushel in the south east Thames barmaid at the year grants. Sandra is demonstrating that she is altogether in excess of a normal barmaid the verification of this was winning the honor.

3 Things to Avoid When Applying to Business School as a Consultant

One of the biggest industry feeders to top MBA programs, year in and year out, is consulting. Consultants often come to business schools with an impressive list of client experiences, analytical skills, and business presence. Now, given the surplus of candidates applying from this applicant pool, application season  can be very competitive. This competitiveness makes it even more important for consultants to avoid the following issues  when applying to MBA programs: 1) They Have No  Clear Need for an MBA A career in consulting presents many opportunities to develop a myriad of skills. Consultants are regularly poached to work with some of the top companies in the world, as well. The challenge sometimes for consultants applying to business school then is properly communicating why they actually  need an MBA. This may come across as a little odd, given that one would assume if you are applying to business school you should  have this detail  mapped out, but sometimes a candidate’s rationale can seem  muddled in their application. In a weird way, business schools want to feel like they are needed by the applicant, and if there is not a clear opportunity to add value to a persons life post-MBA, that can be problematic for a candidate applying from such a competitive applicant pool. 2) Using Too Much â€Å"We† and Not Enough I One of the great advantages of working in consulting is the teamwork-oriented work culture the industry is known for. As MBA programs move increasingly towards a more collaborative approach to learning, the ability to work with others becomes more and more valued. However, given their predominantly team-based work, many consultants struggle to communicate their individual contributions to the greater good of a company. As such, resumes and essays often read as too much â€Å"we† and not enough â€Å"I,† thus making it difficult for the Admissions Committee to discern the true impact the  individual applicant has had during their career. 3) Minimizing Accomplishments Consultants can drive huge impact for clients and their firms on almost every project they work on. This exposure to top companies and major projects on a consistent basis can sometimes make it difficult for consultants to properly contextualize the impact of their work. Avoid minimizing your accomplishments by focusing on your own individual contributions, not just through quantitative numbers  but also through qualitative experiences. Focus on highlighting your most impactful moments while contributing a holistic view of your work to best inform the Admissions Committee of your accomplishments. Follow the tips above to avoid wasting all of the great experience you have developed as a consultant when applying to business school. Applying to business school? Call us at 1-800-925-7737 and speak with an MBA admissions expert today, or take our free MBA Admissions Profile Evaluation  for personalized advice for your unique application situation! As always, be sure to find us on  Facebook,  YouTube,  Google+  and Twitter. Dozie A.  is a Veritas Prep Head Consultant for the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. His specialties include consulting, marketing, and low GPA/GMAT applicants. You can read more articles by him  here.

The War Was A Short, But Impactful War On The Political...

The Falklands War was a short, but impactful war on the political situation in both Great Britain and Argentina. In 1982, Great Britain was clearly one of the more powerful military nations in the world, having the full support of NATO. Argentina, on the other hand, was not extremely powerful by any means. However, in each of these nations, there was a political motivation for engaging in this seemingly meaningless war. Argentina’s government had been involved in many human rights violations on their own citizens. Lieutenant General Leopoldo Galtieri saw this war as a way to distract from these issues. Great Britain had just recently elected their first female Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. Running on a ticket that promoted a strong,†¦show more content†¦He saw the Falkland Islands as the solution to this problem. The Falklands were a group of islands off the coast of Argentina that had been taken by the British in 1833. However, Argentinians continued to see the islands as part of Argentina. These nationalistic feelings towards the islands was an opportunity for Galitieri to distract the people from the crises that were occurring on the mainland. He felt that an invasion of the islands would boost the power of the military government and prevent any possible coups. However, the Argentinians did not think that the British would ever respond to these attacks. Margaret Tatcher was elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979. She was the first female Prime Minister of the UK and was known as the â€Å"Iron Lady.† This is because of her tough stances and promotion of her conservative ideologies in her time in parliament. This reputation followed her through her election as Prime Minister. From a foreign policy perspective, Thatcher’s goal was to defend the strength of the UK during the Cold War. For example, despite opposition, she continued to force the UK to boycott the 1980 Moscow Olympics after the Soviet invasion of A fghanistan in 1979. Therefore, when a small nation such as Argentina invaded British-owned islands in 1982, Thatcher would not back down. She saw the Falklands crisis as an opportunity to boost British nationalism ahead of her upcoming 1983 reelection bid. Similarly to Argentina, theShow MoreRelatedLittle Bit ( Mis ) Judged1472 Words   |  6 Pagespresidents. Some terms were too short to evaluate the legacy, and others had many events that led to a mixed legacy. It is always hard to rank the presidents based on the greatest, the most impactful, or even the most overrated. Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th President of the United States, arguably had an impactful presidency, but he was also a very overrated one. 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Up to this point a multitude of people were oppressed in many ways, varying from race, to belief(s), and in the work force. The time in which these series of strikes took place were up to the evolutionary pre-nineteenRead MoreInfluence of Iliad to Heroes in Todays World2063 Words   |  9 Pagesas well, and you see that more and more in today’s world than 20 or 30 years ago. The classical hero is such an amazing thing to study and at any time period, the concepts of the hero in the Iliad influenced the heroes of today’s world in a very impactful way. In today’s world, media has a huge influence on public belief and most households in the United States have at least one television. 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Australian Airline Industry - Essay - 1136 Words

Table of Contents Identify a market for tourism or hospitality services in the Asia Pacific region that is essentially oligopolistic in nature. Analyse the pricing and supply strategies of the key firms operating in this market. Introduction This report explains the theory of oligopoly and discusses how Australia s airline industry provides a solid example of an oligopoly market. It uses case studies of Qantas, Jetstar, Virgin and Tiger airlines to demonstrate how they all need to employ profit-maximising strategies that take into account the likely response to the strategies of other firms. Airline Industry Overview Australia s airline industry can be classified into three broad categories: ï‚ § domestic trunk route airlines†¦show more content†¦In the absence of effective economic regulatory oversight of the industry, it has the potential to evolve into a Qantas monopoly. High capital and set-up costs have traditionally contributed to high entry costs and have increased the market power of the airlines currently holding the top position, impeding competition. Should such circumstances continue to prevail over the longer term, it raises the issue of whether Australia s domestic market is really big enough to sustain competitive supply and whether a lightly regulated oligopoly is still appropriate. http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rp/2002-03/03rp10.htm Pricing strategy Budget air carriers have revolutionized domestic travel in Australia, making low cost travel a year-round reality for holidaymakers and business travelers alike. Both Jetstar and Virgin blue’s pricing strategy will be analyzed and discussed in this section. Low cost carriers open a totally new product: no frills, no food, no drinks, no spacious seats, no travel agencies bookings, but a very low price (Barbot, 2004). This â€Å"low-cost revolution† (Doganis, 2001) has then greatly affected the full service traditional carriers, they will have to respond this phenomenon progressively. Jetstar and Virgin blue’s pricing strategy is fairly similar. Both airlines are low cost carriers, they reduced the operating cost by cutting off unnecessary service and chargingShow MoreRelatedMalaysian Airlines Case Study962 Words   |  4 PagesAs a part of Crossman Communications, this essay will go into depth about the client, Malaysian Airlines and their recent campaign. Malaysian Airlines founded in 1957, currently flies to 53 different destinations having over 12 000 employees (Malaysian Airlines, 2017). The airline company offers the best way to fly to and from Malaysia flying over 40 000 people everyday (Malaysian Airlines, 2017). The campaign was set to rebuild the trust of Australian and New Zealander flyers due to the multipleRead MoreAid For Airline And Its Impact On The Tourism Industry1473 Words   |  6 PagesAid for Airline? Qantas airlines are an iconic Australian business, which has heavily shaped the tourism industry. However in the 2013-14 financial year, (Qantas, 2014, pg.1) due to falls in revenue, growing competition and high expenses the airline reported a 2.8 billion dollar loss. (Mccrann, 2014) It was then that the company felt it required government support to assist them in getting back on their feet. Commonly referred to as a â€Å"bailout† and in this case more specifically a â€Å"debt guarantee†Read MoreThe Policy Innovation Process Within The Australian Public Services1557 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion aims to identify the major obstacles to the policy innovation process within the Australian public services. In this research, academic theories defines and classified major obstacles to policy innovation in a different context of management. However, the paper identifies some obstacle to policy innovation in Australian public sectors; and how these problems can be removed. Nevertheless, the structure of the essay plan has three parts. The first part will classify the major obstacles to policy innovationRead MorePorters 5 Forces and Hofstedes Cultural Dimension3620 Words   |  15 PagesThe purpose of this report is to determine the suitability of Safety Airlines Ltd. expansion of business into Australia. The Porter’s Five Forces is used as a guideline of the competitive nature of the Australian domestic airline industry. An analysis of the airline industry context in Australia is made where the threats are identified and what strategies are to be employed to determine the competitive advantage for Safety Airlines Ltd. From the analysis, Porter’s Five Forces showed that the threatsRead MoreQantas Strat Mgt2611 Words   |  11 Pages1.0 Introduction The Australian domestic airlines industry operations usually consist of transportation of freight and passengers domestically (IBISWORLD, 2010). The industry has been experiencing slightly negative annual revenue growth of negative 0.4% for the past five years (IBISWorld, 2010). The domestic airlines industry consist of two major players such as Qantas Airways and Virgin Blue, and three minor players such as Regional Express, Skywest and Tiger Airways (IBISWorld, 2010). 2.0 ExternalRead MoreDefending Territory Case Studies Analysis2104 Words   |  9 PagesTerritory Case Studies Analysis Submitted by SEEMAB ALAM (17480932) Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 External Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 General Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Industry environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 The competitive Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Opportunities and threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....6 Internal Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Tangible and Intangible Resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 CoreRead MoreThe Impact Of Operations Management Within The Aviation Industry1219 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will analyse and evaluate how operations management within the aviation industry helps to gain customers and allow airlines and airports to compete. The nature of operational management can be described as the administration business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible. (Investopedia) The processes can be defined as the transformation of inputs, such as supplies, labour and resources into goods or services at minimum cost, thereby creating value. (Shim and Siegel)Read MoreBusiness Analysis : Qantas And Jetstar Essay2646 Words   |  11 Pagesauditing, marketing planning and corporate strategy : Marketing planning and marketing audit by Qantas would help this airline in getting the information have a better understanding of the demands of the customers, market demand, analysis of competitors in the market, dealers and other forces present in the international market. A formal marketing planning of the Qantas airline will help it in forecasting the market situations that would help it in developing diversified strategies for the futureRead MorePrinciples of Management in Aviation2412 Words   |  10 PagesPrinciples of Management in Aviation Essay Assignment The Macquarie dictionary defines ‘advantage’ as: â€Å"any state, circumstance, opportunity, or means specially favorable to success, interest, or any desired end†, and also defines ‘competition’: â€Å"the rivalry between two or more business enterprises to secure the patronage of prospective buyers.† (Macquarie, 2011) From these definitions, one can infer that a company’s competitive advantages are means of setting itself apart fromRead MoreChange Model2981 Words   |  12 PagesThe aim of this essay is to critically analyse the background of the Qantas and its decision to launch Jetstar on May 2004 that operated around 800 flights a week across network of 14 destinations within Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. Secondly, this essay will evaluate how Data Collection Feedback Cycle change model is used to gather major information and to critically analyse it. Thirdly, this essay will critically evaluate the background of Qantas and Virgi n Blue and will also highlight various

Reflection and Reflective Practice †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Reflection and Reflective Practice. Answer: Introduction A male patient, 80 years of age presented to his general practitioner with a persistent cough. The practitioner suspected symptoms of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or early congestive cardiac failure (CCF). The chest X-ray of the patient was done and it has shown a COPD, right-sided consolidation and pneumonia on the right side of the lung. The Computed tomography scan of the chest was done to ascertain how much consolidation is there, exacerbation of COPD and small lesions in lungs. Adequacy- according to PIER mnemonic the adequacy of film can be asses:- Position- Typically, PA and lateral view. Inspiration- good inspiratory effect with 10 to 12 ribs. Exposure the exposure is adequate to demonstrate both soft and bony tissues.The thoracic spine can be through the heart show, indicating that penetration is sufficient.The only artifact present is from the L marker, which is overlying the distal end of the right clavicle; this could potentially be obstructing bony lesion located behind it. Rotation- there is some degree of rotation. The PA view of the chest shows the medial end of the clavicle is not equidistant to the thoracic spinous processes. On the lateral view, ribs are not superimposed. These positional errors do not make images un-diagnostic. Bones and soft tissues bony structure appears normal on PA chest. There is some osteophyte lipping seen on the anterior aspects of the vertebrate of a thoracic spine. Thoracic discs appeared narrowed (Jones, 2011) Diaphagram The right diaphragm is raised, with large gas bubble (bowel and or stomach) seen inferiorly to it. The left costophrenic and cardiophrenic angles appear sharp Effusion- The right costrophrenic angle is slightly blunted suggesting small pleural effusion. There is small right basal effusion. Hilum The cardiothoracic ratio is towards the upper limit. The hilum appears normal. There are two masses located within the right lung, the larger mass is shown in mid to upper zone abutting the right hilum, and the second, smaller mass, which is round in shape, is shown in the middle zone of the lung. The trachea is deviated to the right due to the presence of the mid-upper zone mass lesion. The right hilum is difficult to assess due to the presence of the right-sided mass Clinical History The patient was experiencing persistent cough. The chest X-ray of the patient was performed The chest X-Ray reports have shown that patient is suffering from COPD. A routine chest series was performed, which included both Postero-anterior views and left lateral view. COPD includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Emphysema causes shortness of breath due to abnormal enlargement of terminal bronchioles that block air flow. Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of bronchioles. Patient suffering from COPD have blunted costophrenic angles which are caused due to pleural effusions. COPD results in flattering of diaphragm and narrowing of tracheal tubes. Chest X-ray of COPD Patient demonstrates abnormal images only in 16 % of cases which is limited mainly to signs of pulmonary congestion or inflammatory infiltrate. Due to these reasons chest, X-Ray is not recommended on daily routines other than cases of massive pleural effusions, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax and suspected pneumonia. The ben efits of chest X-ray are no radiation remains in the patient body which decreases the chances of cancer, they have no side effect in the diagnosis, it is inexpensive and widely available in nursing homes, physician offices and other locations which makes it convenient for both physician and patient. Limitations of Chest X-Ray are normal chest X-Ray does not find out pulmonary problems. In some cases, airway interstitial and pulmonary vascular disease cannot be detected by X-Ray (Luppi, Begh Roversi, 2012) There is large left bronchitis. ar and anteromedial left upper lobe soft tissue mass which is approximately 11 cm in length and around 6 cm transverse diameter and 6 cm AP diameter. There is second rounded mass measuring 4 cm diameter in left mid zone. There are small right pleural effusion and mild elevation of right hemidiaphragm. There is small nodules or rolled atelectasis in the right lower lobe. The right lung seems normal and there is no right pleural fluid. No pleural calcifications or plaques is noticed. The cardiac size is normal. The superior mediastinum and trachea are shifted to the right of midline. There is no obvious tracheal narrowing. No obvious ribs destruction is seen. No thoracic crush fractures are seen. Chest X-Ray has shown that there is hilar and pulmonary masses. There is small pleural effusion. These findings may indicate a sign of malignancies. Additional CT chest/Abdo/pelvis is done to further evaluate these masses within the chest and to determine whether one of these masses are metastatic or primary or if both are metastatic tumors. A CT scan of chest/Abdo/pelvis with intravenous contrast was performed which has shown that larger superior lesion is a primary malignancy. The patient has large retroperitoneal nodes in the right upper abdomen. After CT scan results, biopsy of patient lung lesions has been done to determine the grade of masses in the left lung. The biopsy samples of large, para-hilar regions have shown small- cell lung carcinoma. The patient was referred to an oncologist and his chemotherapy was started. After completing three courses of chemotherapy the CT scan was again performed. The CT scan has shown that the growth of lung masses has not stopped. Chest X-Ray or chest film is a chest radiograph used to diagnose diseases affecting the chest and its nearby structures. They are most commonly used the radiological procedure. Chest X-Ray is the most common film used in medicine for diagnosis. They are difficult to interpret. The benefits of chest X-ray are no radiation remains in the patient body which decreases the chances of cancer, they have no side effect in the diagnosis, it is inexpensive and widely available in nursing homes, physician offices and other locations which makes it convenient for both physician and patient. Chest X-ray of COPD Patient demonstrates abnormal images only in 16 % of cases which is limited mainly to signs of pulmonary congestion or inflammatory infiltrate (Weiss, 1995). In this case, the patient is 80 years old having a persistent cough. The practitioner suspected symptoms similar to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a chest X-Ray was done. Chest X-ray has shown that there is small pleural effusion, left bronchitis, left hilar and pulmonary masses, costrophrenic angles are blunted and there is a zone of consolidation in lower ribs. Left hilar and pulmonary masses may indicate the sign of primary and metastatic malignancies. CT scan of lungs is performed to check the lesions in lungs. CT scan helps to diagnose the cause of shortness of breath, unexplained cough, chest pain, lesions, and small nodules in lungs. CT scanning is fast, noninvasive and painless. It is a standard for demonstrating pulmonary adenopathy. CT scan is very useful in detecting small lesions and area close to the diaphragm. CT scan identified larger superior lesion is a primary malignancy. A biopsy is performed after detecting lung lesions. The biopsy samples of large, par a-hilar regions have shown that patient is having lung carcinoma (Brenner, 2012). Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a type of cancer in which malignant cells form in the tissue of the lung. Small cell lung carcinoma is a type of lung cancer in which cancer cells get deposited in tissues of lung.it is also called oat cell cancer. Sign and symptoms may result from paraneoplastic phenomena, compression of thoracic structures and distant metastases. The common symptoms of small-cell lung carcinoma are dyspnea, shortness of breath and persistent or worsening of a cough.The symptoms of SCLC involves compression of the oesophagus that leads to dysphagia, laryngeal nerves compression results in hoarseness, head, and neck superficial nerves get distended and superior vena cava compression results in facial edema. Th brain metastases or bone metastases may result in neurological defects or pain or personality change. The physical examination of SCLC patient may identify pneumonia, signs of chronic obstructive disease, supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, lobar collapse and pleural effusion. ("Small cell lung cancer", 1987). According to Australian government statistics 2013, lung can cer is 5th most commonly diagnosed cancer .in 2014 it was the leading cause of death due to cancer. In 2014 there were approximately 8,200 death from lung and which may increase to 9,000 in 2017 ("Lung cancer statistics | Lung cancer", 2017). The protocol which is followed to determine cancer includes physical examination, history, and routine laboratory tests. Conventional radiography uses X-Ray to visualize internal body parts .it evaluates abdomen, chest, spine, and abdomen. The X-ray consists produced electromagnetic radiation by passing high voltage in terminals of the vacuum tube. The energy of X-ray can be modulated by changing the voltage and current. The shadows after X-ray can be detected by using fluoroscopic systems or combinations of photographic films. The common technique used to visualize X-rays is to expose a single image on fluorescent screens which converts it into visible light. Density, the thickness of different tissues produce different levels of X-Ray attenua tion. Lungs full of air appear black in color, calcified tissues such as bone appear white in color and soft tissues are of intermediate characteristics. In conventional radiography, four densities which can be soft tissue, air, calcified tissue, and fat can be determined. In case of normal chest, X-Ray mediastinal surface and heart appear clear with respect to black lungs (Medina Blackmore, 2007). However, in case of consolidation more light is absorbed by lungs in chest X-Ray results in loss of outlines of the adjacent structure. There are various contrast agents used when natural contrast is not present in X-Ray. It is divided into positive contrast and negative contrast. Positive contrast is of high radiodensity such as barium and iodine while negative contrast is of low density such as air and carbon dioxide. To demonstrate structural abnormalities or derive functional information positive contrast is used. The positive contrast agents are water soluble which can form soluble compounds with lower toxicity. These agents can be either ionizing or nonionizing. In negative contrast, it is used as a double contrast to image colon, stomach, and colon (Dodd, 2007). The various radiographic techniques are patient positioning. Inpatient positioning radiographs are taken using standard projections. Conventionally standard projections define according to the directions of X-Ray beams. The final projections are those that line in sagittal axis with the X-Ray beam. The lateral view is taken parallel to the coronal axis. In case of posterior-anterior view chest radiograph is taken against anterior chest while in anterior-posterior vie the X-Ray is taken against the posterior chest. A radiograph is a two-dimensional image, a three-dimensional structural image is recommended in minimum two planes for small lesions. The respiration phase is important in chest radiography, conventional inspiration shows lung field well as compare to expiratory view it shows pneumothorax. Various techniques can be used to improve the quality of chest radiography. A grid is used to improve image quality by filtering the obliquely scattered radiation. Restriction of the X-Ra y beam to the area of interest helps to improve image quality and helps to reduce the dose of X-Rays. Computed tomography is highly efficient and prevents overexposure. It produces a higher proportion of diagnostic radiographs thus minimising radiation dose. Radiation dosage affects the person health (Chawla, 2015). X-Ray causes ionization of tissues which harmfully affect physiochemical properties of tissues. These effects are directly related to exposure. Approximately 87% of exposure to radiation is naturally while remaining is due to X-Rays. The radiation dose of X-Ray is varied from country to country. To minimize exposure to radiation, radiation to medical personnel and patient must be minimised. The radiation must keep reasonably low. Special considerations must be taken while performing X-Ray of abdomen and pelvis of women especially childbearing age women. The fetus is more susceptible to X-Ray radiation which may cause mutations (Hollingworth Jarvik, 2007). The diagnosis must be made based on evidence-based radiology. Evidence-based radiology is defined as a decision that must be based on the integration of clinical information from most appropriate image test available on the basis of patients expectations, physicians experience, and best available evidence.Evidence-based radiology is based on five principles formulation of the question, efficient literature search, critical analysis of literature, application of search results and evaluation with respect to patients value and physician experience and evaluates the results available from the best diagnostic image. In diagnostic imaging, evidence-based radiology has received more attention(Hollingworth Jarvik, 2007). The principles of evidence-based radiology help to promote proper use of resources, efficiently use of resources and benefits patients. Formulating a question in radiology is very important, it involves the majority of questions related to the superiority of diagnostic ima ging over another related to specific pathology. The well-structured questions consist of Define patient, group of patients and their problem, intervention which is to be evaluated such as in this case Chest X-Ray and CT scan of the chest, comparison of the test result with the standard if any and evaluation of final result. After formulating a questioning look for best possible evidence, as the enormous volume of literature and books are available Haynes proposed a model of pyramid evidence which has six levels. The hierarchy of six level Haynes model includes studies- synopsis of studies - syntheses -synopsis of syntheses - summaries - systems. According to this model, the literature which appears in higher levels is considered scientifically better than lower levels. After formulating a question and finding best literature next is critically evaluate the literature. In critical evaluation the comparison between standard reference and test being evaluated. The procedure which used commonly is to use standard reference test on all patient regardless of test results evaluation. The staistical analysis is the major problems experienced by most clinicians. It is important to consider the scope of test which must be according to the patient problem (Smith, 2008). Test avilability, its risks and cost must be considered . Once the major question for clinical evidence is found next is a clinical experience which is applied to patient values and prefrences. Before the results of test apply to patient, assessment of diagnostic test reproducibility must be done, assessment of available alternatives, calculation of the probability that patient has the disease before a diagnostic test or performing the test and consideration of pros and cons of diagnostic test was done or performed. The last step is an evaluation of the results. Evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of diagnostic test or imaging performed as the tests performed in local and specialized labs varies, there fore they need to be evaluated. The specific resources available for evidence-based radiology includes books, journal articles, websites, workshops and conferences (Lilford, 1997). Treatment options available for SCLC patients is based on stage, histology, general health, and comorbidities of the patient. The treatment for cancer may depend on the stage and general health. Surgery and chemotherapy are an available treatment for SCLC. Most commonly chemotherapy is used. Use of surgery for SCLC is rare. Radiotherapy can be used to treat StageI- Stage III of SCLC. Currently, there is no screening test available on routinely in Australia. Computed tomography is used to screen the patient suffering from lung cancer. Limited stage SCLC can be treated with concurrently using of chemotherapy and radiation therapy combination. In the advanced stage of lung cancer, palliative treatment is used to assess and manage pain, nausea and spreading of cancer. Prognosis of individual health will depend on their stage and type of cancer, age, and their general health. For patients who do not tolerate the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, sequential therapy is give n to them (Srensen, 2009). The majority of patients treated with chemotherapy alone has higher locally relapse rate. In comparison, thoracic radiation therapy has very low local relapse rate. Combination of thoracic radiation therapy and chemotherapy has higher control on the overall disease. In patients with LD-SCLC thoracic radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy is considered to be standard treatment. After initial treatment, chest radiation helps to reduce chances of cancer relapsing in the chest. Chest radiation is given after chemotherapy has been completed especially in those patients which have large tumors. The thoracic radiation must be given to a patient who has lymph node involvement in cancer. (End, 2006). References Brenner, D. (2012). Radiation and Chest CT Scans. Chest, 142(3), 549-550. Chawla, H. (2015). Diagnostic Utility of Conventional Radiography in Head Injury. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. Dodd, J. (2007). Evidence-based Practice in Radiology: Steps 3 and 4Appraise and Apply Diagnostic Radiology Literature. Radiology, 242(2), 342-354. The end, A. (2006). Diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and carcinoids. European Surgery, 38(1), 45-53Evidence-Based Imaging: Optimizing Imaging in Patient Care. (2008). Radiology, 247(2), 344-345. Hollingworth, W., Jarvik, J. (2007). Technology Assessment in Radiology: Putting the Evidence in Evidence-based Radiology. Radiology, 244(1), 31-38. Jones, C. (2011). Interpreting chest X-rays. Radiography, 17(2), 175. Lilford, R. (1997). Evidence-based medicine, preference-based practice, and clinical decision analysis. Evidence-Based Healthcare, 1(2), 23-24. Lung cancer statistics | Lung cancer. (2017). Lung-cancer.canceraustralia.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://lung-cancer.canceraustralia.gov.au/statistics Medina, L., Blackmore, C. (2007). Evidence-based Radiology: Review and Dissemination. Radiology, 244(2), 331-336. Small cell lung cancer. (1987). Lung Cancer, 3(2), 103. Smith, T. (2008). Evidence-based medical imaging (EBMI). Radiography, 14(3), 233-237. Srensen, J. (2009). 36IN EUROPEAN TREATMENT GUIDELINES: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (SCLC). Lung Cancer, 64, S20 Weiss, W. (1995). Chest X-ray Screening for Lung Cancer. Chest, 108(6), 1770.

James Hutton Essay Example

James Hutton Paper James Hutton A report done by Sarah Lynn Brixey James Hutton was a Scottish geologist, naturalist, and experimental farmer. He is considered the father of modern geology. His theories of geology and geologic time, are also called deep time, and came to be included in theories which were called plutonism and uniformitarianism. Plutonism is the disproven theory that all rocks formed by solidification of a molten mass. Uniformitarianism means of or pertaining to the thesis that processes that operated in the remote geological past are not different from those observed now. Another definition of uniformitarianism is supporting, conforming to, or derived from a theory or doctrine about uniformity, esp. on the subject of geology. In this report on James Hutton, you will learn who he was, his theory of rock formations, and his publication career. James Hutton was born in Edinburgh on June 3, 1726 as one of five children of a merchant who was also Edinburgh City Treasurer, but died when James was very young. He attended school at the Edinburgh High School, where he was particularly interested in mathematics and chemistry. At the age of 14, he attended the University of Edinburgh as a â€Å"student of humanity†. He was an intern to a lawyer at the age of 17, but took more of an interest in chemical experiments than legal work. At the age of 18, he became a doctor’s assistant and attended lectures of medicine at the University of Edinburgh. Three years later, he studied medicine in Paris, and in 1749, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at Leyden with a thesis on blood circulation. Around 1747, he had a son by a woman named Miss Edington, and other than giving the boy financial assistance, he had little to do with him. We will write a custom essay sample on James Hutton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James Hutton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James Hutton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The boy went on to become a post office clerk in London. After receiving his degree, Hutton returned to London, and in the summer of 1750, at the age of 24, went back to Edinburgh and resumed experiments with close friend, James Davie. Their work on production of sal ammoniac from soot led to their partnership in profitable chemical works, manufacturing the crystalline salts which were used for dyeing, metalwork, and as smelling salts that were previously available only from natural sources and that had to be imported from Egypt. Hutton owned and rented out properties in Edinburgh, which employed a factor to manage this business. James Hutton inherited his father’s Berwickshire farms of Slighthouses, which are lowland farms that had been in the family since 1713, and a hill farm of Nether Monynut. In the early 1750s, he moved to Slighthouses, with his goal being to making improvements, which introduced farming practices from other parts of Britain and experimenting with plant and animal cultivation. He recorded his ideas and innovations in an unpublished thesis on The Elements of Agriculture. This developed his interest in meteorology and geology, and by 1753, he had become very fond of studying the surface of the earth, and was looking with anxious curiosity into every pit or ditch or bed of a river he came across. Working in a clearing and draining his farm provided many opportunities, and he noticed that a vast proportion of the present rocks are composed of materials afforded by the destruction of bodies, animal, vegetable and mineral, of more ancient formation†. His theoretical ideas began to come together in 1760, and while his farming activities continued, in 1764, he went on a geological tour of the north of Scotland with George Maxwell-Clerk. In 1768, Hutton returned to Edinburgh, leaving his farms to tenants but continuing to take an interest in farm improvements and research, which included experiments carried out at Slighthouses. He developed a red dye made from the roots of the madder plant. He had a house built in 1770 at St. John’s Hill, Edinburgh, overlooking Salisbury Crags. He was one of the most influential participants in the Scottish Enlightenment, and fell in with numerous first-class minds in the sciences including John Playfair, philosopher David Hume, and economist Adam Smith. He was a particularly close friend of Joseph Black, and the two of them together with Adam Smith founded the Oyster Club for weekly meetings, that included Hutton and Black to find a venue, which turned out to have rather disreputable associations. Between 1767 and 1774, Hutton had considerable close involvement with the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal, making full use of his geological knowledge, both as a shareholder and as a member of the committee of management, and attended meetings including extended site inspections of all the works. In 1777, he published a pamphlet on Considerations on the Nature, Quality and distinctions of Coal and Culm, which successfully helped to obtain relief from removal duty on carrying small coal. Hutton hit on a variety of ideas to explain the rock formations he saw around him, but according to Playfair, he â€Å"was in no haste to publish his theory; for he was one of those who are much more delighted with the contemplation of truth, than with the praise of having discovered it. † After some 25 years of work, his Theory of the Earth; or and Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe was read to meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in two parts, first by his friend Joseph Black on March 7, 1785, and the second by himself on April 4, 1785. He subsequently read an abstract of his dissertation Concerning the System of the Earth, its Duration and Stability to the Society meeting on July 4, 1785, which he had printed and circulated privately. In it, his theory states that the solid part of the present land appears in general, to have been composed of the productions of the sea, and of other materials similar to those now found upon the shores. Hence we find reason to conclude:  ·That the land on which we rest is not simple and original, but that it is a composition, and has been formed by the operation of second causes.  ·That before the present land was made, there had subsisted a world composed of sea and land, in which were tides and currents, with such operations at the bottom of the sea as now take place.  ·That while the present land is forming at the bottom of the ocean, the former land maintained plants and animals; at least the sea was then inhabited by animals, in a similar manner as it is presently. Hence we are led to conclude, that the greater part of our land, if not the whole had been produced by operations natural to this globe; but that in order to make this land a permanent body, resisting the operations of the waters, two things must be required.  ·The consolidation of masses formed by collections of loose or incoherent materials.  ·The elevation of those consolidated masses from the bottom of the sea, the place where they were collected, to the stations in which they now remain above the level of the ocean. At Glen Tilt in the Cairngorm Mountains in the Scottish Highlands, Hutton found granite penetrating metamorphic schists, in a way, which indicated that the granite had been molten at the time. This showed him that granite formed from cooling of molten rock, not precipitation out of water, as others at the time had believed, and that the granite must be younger than the schists. He went on to find a similar penetration of volcanic rock through sedimentary rock near the center of Edinburgh, at Salisbury Crags, adjoining Arthur’s Seat, which is now known as Hutton’s Section. He found other examples on the Isle of Arran, also known as Hutton’s Unconformity and in Galloway. In 1787, Hutton noted what is now known as the Hutton Unconformity at Inchbonny, Jedburgh, in layers of sedimentary rock. Hutton reasoned that there must have been several cycles, each involving deposition on the seabed, uplift with tilting and erosion, then undersea again for further layers to be deposited, and there have been many cycles before over an extremely long history. Although Hutton privately circulated printed version of the abstract of his Theory, which he read at a meeting of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on July 4, 1785, the theory as read at the March 7, 1785 and April 4, 1785 meetings did not appear in print until 1788. It was titled Theory of the Earth; or and Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe and appeared in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Following criticism, especially Richard Kirwan’s, who thought he was an atheist and not logical, among other things, Hutton published a two volume version of his theory in 1795, consisting of the 1788 version of his theory that included slight additions along with a lot of material drawn from shorter papers Hutton already had to hand on various subjects such as the origin of granite. It included a review of alternative theories, such as those of Thomas Burnet and Georges-Louis Leclerc, and Comte de Buffon. This whole was entitled An Investigation of the Principles of Knowledge and of the Progress of Reason, from Sense to Science and Philosophy when the third volume was completed in 1794. Its 2,138 pages prompted Playfair to remark that â€Å"The great size of the book, and the obscurity which may justly be objected to many parts of it, have probably prevented it from being received as it deserves†. His new theories placed him into opposition with the then-popular Neptunist theories of Abraham Gottlob Werner that all rocks had precipitated out of single enormous flood. Hutton proposed that the interior of the Earth was hot, and that this heat was the engine, which drove the creation of new rock; land was eroded by air and water and deposited into stone, and uplifted it into new lands. This theory was dubbed â€Å"Plutonist† in contrast to the flood-oriented theory. As well as combating the Neptunists, he also opened up the concept of deep time for scientific purposes, in opposition to Catastrophism. Rather than accepting that the Earth was no more than a few thousand years old, he maintained that the Earth must be much older, with a istory extending indefinitely into the distant past. His main line of argument was that the tremendous displacements and changes he was seeing did not happen in a short period of time by means of catastrophe, but that processes still happening on earth in the present day had caused them. As these processes were very gradual, the Earth needed to be ancient, in order to allow time for the changes. Before long, scie ntific inquiries provoked by his claims had pushed back the age of the earth into the millions of years- still too short when compared with what is known as in the 21st century, but a distinct improvement. The prose of Principles of Knowledge was so obscure, in fact, that it also impeded the acceptance of Hutton’s geological theories. Restatements of his geological ideas by John Playfair in 1802 and then Charles Lyell in the 1830s removed this hindrance. If anything, Hutton’s ideas were eventually accepted too well. At least some of the initial resistance to modern scientific ideas like plate tectonics and asteroid strikes causing mass extinctions can be attributed to too-strict adherence to uniformitarianism. It was not merely the Earth to which Hutton directed his attention. He had long studied the changes of the atmosphere. The same volume in which his Theory of Earth appeared contained also a Theory of Rain. He contended that the amount of moisture, which the air can retain in solution, increases with temperature, and, therefore, that on the mixture of two masses of air of different temperatures a portion of the moisture must be condensed and appear in visible form. He investigated the available data regarding rainfall and climate in different regions of the globe, and came to the conclusion that the rainfall is regulated by the humidity of the air on the one hand, and mixing of different air currents in the higher atmosphere on the other. In conclusion, James Hutton was a great man who did many things. On a more personal note, reading and learning about him peaked my curiosity in the things that we are learning in Earth Science class, and also to an extent in Geography. Before reading this, I didn’t really care about geology or rocks, for that matter. But after reading this, it sort of made me want to learn more about geology. Bibliography Page 1. http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/277702/James-Hutton 2. plutonism. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008. Merriam-Webster Online. 1 September 2008 http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/plutonism

Critical Analysis of Absolut Vodka Perfect Man Essay Example

Critical Analysis of Absolut Vodka Perfect Man Essay Example Critical Analysis of Absolut Vodka Perfect Man Essay Critical Analysis of Absolut Vodka Perfect Man Essay Everyday consumers are exposed to the Medals Ideology of what Is considered beautiful. In magazines we see attractive, happy people, with air-brushed perfect, flawless, bodies posing to sell a particular item or idea. Who is the media to say what constitutes as beauty and an attractive person? Why are certain attributes associated with attractiveness, beauty, likeability and social skills? We are force feed images and told what beauty Is and have thus formed our own ideas and opinions. However, are those ideas and opinion really ours or were we constructed by media to think and feel a particular way without even realizing It? It Is Important to examine messages rhetoric purpose and not be persuaded by the wrong messages. If not, consumers thoughts, actions, beliefs and feelings will be easily influenced. Absolute Vodka, a leading brand of premium vodka sold in 176 countries, constructed advertisements as part of its In an Absolute World 2007 campaign with images of situations that the target audience would think constitute a perfect or Absolute reality. Absolute Vodka marketing (2011) stated the target market Is men and women ages 25-45 who want to succeed in their life both personally and professionally. The brand equity is associated with fun, joy, self-esteem and social approval. In 2007, they crafted an advertisement called the perfect man which featured in Greek Ell magazine (admit, 2007). According to Ell magazine media kit (2014), the audience is women between the ages of 18-49. Their goal Is to inspire women In all aspects of their lives and encouraging readers to cultivate not Just personal style. But the success that comes with personal power. The advertisement. a perfect man is an image of a woman sitting on a rug, holding a manikin arm that has red flowers in its hand. The woman has adorned herself in a red necklace, shoes, let, bracelet and is not wearing a wedding ring. There is a box next to her with the words, The Perfect Man written on the front. In the box are legs of the manikin wearing black dress pants and shoes. On the floor next to the woman Is a male head wearing glasses and showing white teeth. An arm of the mailman on the floor has a black tattoo and Is holding a guitar. The torso of the manikin Is hairless and has a SIX- pack. The woman is looking at a white piece of paper with a puzzled look on her face. An important rhetorical scholar Cicero, divided rhetoric into five major categories called canons of rhetoric (Stoner Perkins, 2005). These categories describe the elements of rhetoric and give gulled lines for patterns of discourse. One of those categories Is style. Style Is developed through nonverbal devices as well as through language, (Stoner Perkins, 2005, p. 141 The perfect man advertisement uses nonverbal language to create a persuasive style using visual imagery and personification. Visual imagery creates the tone or feelings of the message and personification gives abstract or inanimate object human qualities or abilities (Stoner Perkins, 2005, p. 143). The eyes of viewers are captivated when they see an Image of a women sitting on he mannequin parts are that of a man since the box has the words the perfect man written on the front in black and red ink. The advertisement illustrates the woman attempting to put together a self-explanatory mannequin with each body part bei ng personified and representing a particular characteristic of the perfect man she is looking for. Since she is not wearing a wedding ring, we know she is a single young woman. Red symbolizes passionate love, seduction and romance (Tracy Bell, 2014, pig. 4), and the mannequin arm holding red roses is suggesting that he is romantic. The other hand of the mannequin is holding a guitar. According to a study published in Psychology of Music in July 2014, a woman is more likely to give her number to a guy holding a guitar case. It suggests that women associate musical talent with a genetic advantage and intellectual abilities, and that men who play guitar have sex appeal. Music induces a positive effect, and this positive effect primes receptivity to a courtship request, says Nicolas Eugene, study author and researches at the University of South Brittany in France. In representing the perfect man the mannequin is also wearing glasses. An article published in Journal of Applied Psychology of June 1944, research has shown that we do perceive people who wear glasses as more intelligent, industrious, honest and more dependable when compared to those who do not wear glasses. The legs in the box are wearing black dress pants and dress shoes. International Journal of Hospitality Management reported in July 2010 that professional attire is the most important attributes in shaping favorable perceptions. Research also suggests that dressing professionally Jacket and tie or suit and tie) has resulted in feelings, or being perceived as, trustworthy and intelligent. Plummeted Karl, 2007). Another factor of the perfect man is his white straight teeth. Teeth and smile determine facial attractiveness and eventually have an effect on the acceptability of a person in society. Moore (1985) showed that a smile is the most observed behavior by women and perceived as being more attractive than neutral ones. A smile is also an indication of generosity, cooperativeness and wins trustworthiness. There is also a correlation between the frequency of a smile and an extroverted, emotional stable, openness personality according to Open Journal of Scatology (2013). Have straight white teeth is considered attractive and there is a very strong correlation between rank on a scale of beauty and professional income. The mannequin also suggests that he is the perfect man because he has a tattoo on his arm. A tattoo has been proven to indicate early sexual initiation and more sexually active (Noiseless, 2012). Women fantasize about men who have a little bad side to them and are sexual. The woman is wearing red and a report showed that woman have a preference for wearing red clothing as a sexual signal to attract potential mates (Bell, 2014). Woman have been objectified in the media and have had their bodies enhanced, airbrushed and portrayed as perfect but in this advertisement, it is the man who is being objectified. The woman appears to be good looking and successful since the room she is in has a contemporary sophisticated feel and is in a high rise building. Even though she seems successful and self-accomplished, she still ordered the perfect man for companionship, emotional stability and to make her feel financially secure. She seems puzzled and confused reading the instructions of how to put together a The advertisement is used by tapping into real life situations of women feeling insecure and the stereotype that even with success, they wont be truly happy unless they have a male companionship. Absolute Vodka is trying to empower women to take control over their lives in the advertisement by having the woman have complete control over the man she ends up with and by objectifying the man as being given to her. The victim of this advertisement is women, men, and the reader. It is exploiting womans real life insecurities, objectifying men as if they are something that can be controlled and constructed, and forcing the reader to conform to the stereotype of hat the media constitutes as perfect, Absolute and attractive in society, and that even successful woman need a man to be truly happy. The idea of someone being perfect with only these qualities is sad and people should be accepted for their uniqueness and their personality rather than appearance. The advertisement catches the readers attention by the ironic situation of visual images and sarcastic, humorous tone. The quality of evidence presented does show the qualities of what is considered attractive and desirable to society in the mannequin but is showing an illogical scenario. Absolute 100 Super Premium Vodka. (n. D. ). Absolute Vodka Marketing. Retrieved August 3, 2014, from Absolute. Mom/en/products/Absolute-100/ ELL Media Kit. (n. D. ). ELL Media Kit. Retrieved August 2, 2014, from http:// www. Eliminating. Com/re/home. Asp Eugene, N. (2014). Mens music ability and attractiveness to women in a real-life courtship context. Psychology of Music, 42(4), 545-549. Moore, M. (1985). Non-verbal courtship patterns in women: context and consequences.. Ethnology and Sociobiology, 6, 237-247. Mikado, T. , Monsanto, T. , Condo, Y. , Kiddo, M. , Miramar, A. , Mask, C. , et al. 2013). Unelected of teeth on the smile and physical attractiveness. A new internet based assessing method. Open Journal of Scatology, 03(01), 52-57. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from the Scientific Research an Academic Publisher database. Noiseless, K. (2012). Tattoos, piercing, and sexual behaviors in young adults. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 9(9), 2307-2314. (2011). Social meaning of identification attractiveness-an investigation into its effect and determinants. Indian Dental Journal, 12(2), 27-32. Stoner, M. , Perkins, S. (2005). Classical Approaches: Ancient Rhetoric. Making sense of messages: a radical apprenticeship in rhetorical criticism (up. 37-141). Boston: Houghton Muffling. Thornton, G. R. (1944). The effect of wearing glasses upon Judgments of personality traits of persons seen briefly.. Journal of Applied Psychology, 28(3), 203-207. (2012). What is professional attire today? A conjoint analysis of personal presentation attributes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 937-943. admit. (n. D. ). ABSOLUTE VODKA ADS I A bsolute. Com. ABSOLUTE VODKA ADS I Absolutism IRS. Retrieved August 3, 2014, from Absolute. Common=782 PAP formatting by Bimbo. Org.